Our Heroes

Our Heroes 

Through the annals of history we come to know that Pakistan has seen many Great people who strive for the country their whole life .They worked day and night for the prosperity and welfare of Pakistan . I have compiled a brief list of these ' Great Heroes which includes their biography. 


Muhammad Ali Jinnah                                 

          


                             Muhammad Ali Jinnah born on 25 December 1876 was a lawyer, politician and statesman, and the founder of Pakistan. He served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the formation of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, and as Pakistan's first Governor General from independence until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-e-Azam  (Great Leader) and Baba-e-Qaum (Father of The Nation ) and his birthday is observed as a National holiday.
                               He was Born in Karachi and trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London, Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian in the first two decades of the 20th century. In these early years of his political career, Jinnah advocated Hindu–Muslim unity, helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League. Jinnah became a key leader in the All India Muslim League, and proposed a Fourteen-point reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims . In 1920, Jinnah resigned from the Congress when it agreed to follow a campaign of satyagraha, or non-violent resistance, advocated by the influential Hindu leader, Gandhi .
                               By 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that Indian Muslims should have their own state. In the same  year, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution (sometimes called the Pakistan Resolution ), demanding a separate nation. During the World War II , the Muslim League gained strength as the leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in elections held after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims. Ultimately, the Congress and the Muslim League could not reach a formula for a united India, which lead all parties to agree to separate independence for a Hindu India, and for a Muslim-majority state, to be called Pakistan.
                               As the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah worked hard to establish the new country's government and policies, and to support the millions of Muslim refugees who had emigrated from the new nation of India after seperation . Jinnah died at age 71 in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence from the British Rule. He left a deep and respected legacy in Pakistan. Jinnah's biographer, Stanley Wolpert states that , he remains Pakistan's Greatest Leader.


Fatima Jinnah


       

                           
                                   Fatima Jinnah born on 30 July 1893 was a dental sergeon, stateswoman, and one of the leading Founding Mothers of Pakistan , and was also the younger sister of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah .
                                    After getting Educated and obtaining the dental degree , accompanied Quaid-e-Azam in the politics, and was an influential political figure in the movement for independence from the British-India. After the declaration of the Pakistan in 1940, Fatima Jinnah also played a pivotal role in civil rights and introduced the women's rights movement in the Pakistan Movement. After the Indipendence, Fatima Jinnah co-founded the All Pakistan Women's Assosiation (APWA), while significantly played a vitall role in the settlement of the Urdu Speaking mass in the newly formed country.
                                      After the death of Quaid-e-Azam, she continued to work for the welfare of the Pakistan's people though charities and different Organizations . After battling a long illness, Fatima Jinnah died in Karachi , on July 9, 1967. After her death, Fatima Jinnah was honored and she is commonly known in Pakistan as Khatun-e Pakistan ("Lady of Pakistan") and Mader-e Millat ("Mother of the Nation.").


Muhammad Zafarullah Khan


Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, KCSI  (February 6, 1893 - September 1, 1985) was a Pakistani politician, diplomat, international jurist, and scholar of the Ahmadiyya Community , known for being the first foreign minister of Pakistan, for his representation of Pakistan at the UN, and serving as a judge at the International Court Of Justice .

                               Zafarullah Khan studied at Government College, Lahore and received his LL.B. from King's College London in 1914. He practiced law in Sialkot and Lahore then became a member of the Punjab Legislative Council in 1926, and was a delegate in 1930, 1931, and 1932 to the Round Table Confrences on Indian reforms in London . In 1931 and 1932 he was president of the Muslim League, and he sat on the British Viceroy's Executive Council as its Muslim member from 1935 to 1941. He led the Indian delegation to the League Of nations in 1939, and from 1941 to 1947 he served as a judge of the Federal Court Of India.
                                Prior to the Partition of India in 1947, Zafarullah Khan drafted the Pakistan Resolution and presented the Muslim League's view of the future boundaries of Boundaries to Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Upon the independence of Pakistan,Sir Zafarullah Khan became the new country's Minister Of Foreign affairs and served concurrently as leader of Pakistan's delegation to the UN (1947–1954). From 1954 to 1961.He again represented Pakistan at the United Nations (1961–1964) and served as president of the UN General Assembly in 1962 to 1963. Returning to the International Court of Justice in 1964, he served as the Court's President from 1970 to 1973.
                                 After having lived in England from 1973 to 1983, Zafarullah Khan returned to Pakistan until his death in Lahore on September 1, 1985 . He was buried in Bahisti Maqbara in Rabwah, Pakistan, a cemetery established by the Ahmadiyya Community .




Chaudhry Rahmat Ali

      

                                   Choudhry Rahmat Ali (16 November 1895 – 12 February 1951) was a Pakistani Muslim nationalist ,who was one of the earliest proponents of the creation of the State Of  Pakistan. He is credited with creating the name "Pakistan" for a separate Muslim homeland and is generally known as the founder of the movement for its creation. 
                                    He is best known as the author of a famous 1933 pamphlet titled "Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever", also known as the Pakistan declaration. The pamphlet started with a famous statement:
                                     "At this solemn hour in the history of India, when British and Indian statesmen are laying the foundations of a Federal Constitution for that land, we address this appeal to you, in the name of our common heritage, on behalf of our thirty million Muslim brethren who live in PAKSTAN – by which we mean the five Northern units of India, Viz: Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan."
                                      After the creation of Pakistan he returned to Pakistan in April 1948, planning to stay in this country, but he was ordered by the then Prime Minister Liaqat Ali Khan to leave the country. He left for England in October 1948.He died in February 1951 and was buried on 20 February at New market road cemetery , Cambridge UK.


Liaquat Ali Khan



                                           Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan (1 October 1895 – 16 October 1951), was one of the leading Founding Fathers of Pakistan, statesman, lawyer, and politician who became the First Prime Minister of Pakistan, was also the first Defence Minister and minister of Commonwealth and Kashmir Affairs from 1947 ,until his assasination in 1951.
                                           Born and hail from East Punjab, Ali Khan was educated at the Aligarh University in India, and then the Oxford University in the United Kingdom. Well educated, he was a Democratpolitical theorist who promoted the Parliamentarism in India. He opted for the Muslim League led by influential Jinnah who was determined to eradicate the injustices meted out to the Indian Muslims by theBritish Government .He pushed his role in the independence movements of Pakistan , while serving as the first Finance Minister in the interim government of British Indian Empire. 
                                          Significantly, he and his Wife are noted for successfully convincing Jinnah to return to India an event which paved the way for Pakistan Resolution. Ali Khan assisted Jinnah in campaigning for the creation of a separate state for Indian Muslims.
                                         Ali Khan's credentials secured him the appointment of Pakistan's first Prime Minister, but his government faced eminent challanges, Nonetheless, his influence grew further after Quaid's death. In 1951, at a Political rally in Rawalpindi, Ali Khan was assassinated by a hired assassin, Sa'ad Babrak.


Dr.Abdus Salam

Abdus Salam was born in Jhang, a small town in what is now Pakistan, in 1926. His father was an official in the Department of Education in a poor farming district. His family has a long tradition of piety and learning.
                  As he cycled home from Lahore, at the age of 14, after gaining the highest marks ever recorded for the Matriculation Examination at the University of the Punjab, the whole town turned out to welcome him. He won a scholarship to Government College, University of the Punjab, and took his MA in 1946 ,same year he was awarded a scholarship to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he took a BA (honours) with a double First in mathematics and physics .  He also achieved a PhD in theoretical physics at Cambridge.
                Dr. Salam returned to Pakistan in 1951 to teach mathematics at Government College, Lahore . He had come back with the intention of founding a school of research, but it soon became clear that this was impossible.In 1954 Salam left Pakistan for a lectureship at Cambridge.Since 1957 he has been Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College, London.
            In 1979, Salam was awarded the 1979 Noble Prize in Physics, along with Glashow and Weinberg, For their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles .                       
           Abdus Salam died peacefully on 21 November 1996 at the age of 70 in Oxford, England, after a long illness .His body was finally returned to Pakistan and kept in Darul ziafat, where almost 15,000 men and women visited to pay their last respects. Approximately 30,000 people attended his funeral prayers.




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